Estratégias para condicionamento comportamental durante atendimento odontológico a pacientes com necessidades especiais: Recursos existentes para condicionamento do comportamento dos pacientes com necessidades especiais

Abstract

Patients with special needs (PNE) in dentistry are all users who have one or more limitations, temporary or permanent, of a mental, physical, sensory, emotional, growth or medical nature, which prevents them from undergoing a conventional dental situation. This study is a literature review of the narrative type, whose objective is to investigate and describe the strategies for behavioral conditioning during dental care for PNE. The selection of manuscripts was made in the PubMed, Scielo, BVS and Google Scholar databases, using the terms: “Health Strategies”, “Behavior therapy” and “Disabled Persons”, in this search 22 studies were selected and it was found that there is a variety of PNE management strategies during dental care. Such strategies can be divided into non-pharmacological: non-verbal communication, voice control, tell-show-do, picture exchange communication, positive reinforcement, desensitization, containment, stabilization and music therapy; and pharmacological: inhalation sedation and oral sedation. It is concluded that the oral health team must know the resources for conditioning the behavior of PNE, in order to offer quality dental care for PNE.